Jihad – “effort, struggle”
Jitihad~Ijtihad~Jitahid
Swahili Christian: jitihada =
revival, renewal campaign
Jihad = inner struggle for purity,
   outer struggle against enemies of Islam
“Holy War” is a Western concept, from the Crusades, used to translate the “jihad” in war context.
Jenkins, Mar 2003
Concepts of Jihad